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The Danelaw, as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, is a historical name given to the part of England in which the laws of the Danes held sway and dominated those of the Anglo-Saxons. The term is first recorded in the early 11th century as Dena lage. Modern historians have extended the term to a geographical designation. The areas that constituted the Danelaw lie in northern and eastern England, and roughly comprised 15 shires: Leicester, York, Nottingham, Derby, Lincoln, Essex, Cambridge, Suffolk, Norfolk, Northampton, Huntingdon, Bedford, Hertford, Middlesex, and Buckingham.
In 886, the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum was formalised, defining the boundaries of their kingdoms, with provisions for peaceful relations between the English and the Vikings. The language spoken in England was also affected by this clash of cultures with the emergence of Anglo-Norse dialects.
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BNJ References
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P. W. P. Carlyon-Britton,
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‘The Oxford mint in the reign of Alfred’, 2 (1905), 21-30, pl. [Viking imitations]
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A. Anscombe,
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‘The inscription on the Oxford pennies of the OHSNAFORDA type’, 3 (1906), 67-100
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P. W. P. Carlyon-Britton,
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‘A penny of Æthelred, sub-regulus of Mercia, son-in-law of Ælfred the Great’, 8 (1911), 55-59. [A
Viking imitation of Alfred]
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G. R. Francis,
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‘Some notes on a coin of Anlaf from the Derby mint’, 16 (1921-22), 1-4
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D. Allen,
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‘Northumbrian pennies of the tenth century’, 22 (1934-37), 175-86, pl.
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C. E. Blunt,
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‘Three Anglo-Saxon notes: [3] A die-identity between a coin of Alfred and one of Æthelstan II of East Anglia’, 27 (1952-54), 56-57, pl.
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I. Stewart,
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‘The St Martin coins of Lincoln’, 36 (1967), 46-54
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M. Dolley and C. N. Moore, ‘Some reflections on the English coinages of Sihtric Caoch, King of Dublin and of York’, 43 (1973), 45-59
C. E. Blunt, ‘Some doubtful St Peter hoards’, 49 (1979), 12-16
I. Stewart, ‘The anonymous Anglo-Viking issue with Sword and Hammer types and the coinage of Sitric I’, 52 (1982), 108-16
I. Stewart, ‘The Nelson collection at Liverpool, and some York questions’, 52 (1982), 247-51
C. E. Blunt, ‘Northumbrian coins in the name of Alwaldus’, 55 (1985), 192-94
C. E. Blunt (Lord Stewartby ed.), ‘Four tenth-century notes: unfinished work: ii. A group of St Edmund coins from Suffolk’, 64 (1994), 35-36, pl.
J. Graham-Campbell, ‘The dual economy of the Danelaw’ (Howard Linecar memorial lecture 2001), 71 (2001), 49-59
S. Lyon and S. Holmes, ‘A new moneyer for the post-Brunanburh Viking rulers of York’, 74 (2004), 178-80
M. Blackburn, ‘Currency under the Vikings, Part 1: Guthrum and the earliest Danelaw coinages’, 75 (2005), 18-43,
3 pls.
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M. Blackburn, ‘- Part 2: The two Scandinavian kingdoms of the Danelaw, c.895-954’, 76 (2006), 204-26, 3 pls.
M. Blackburn, ‘- Part 3: Ireland, Wales, Isle of Man and Scotland in the ninth and tenth centuries’, 77 (2007), 119-
49, pl.
M. Blackburn, ‘- Part 5: the Scandinavian achievement and legacy’, 79 (2009), 43-71
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Map: England, 878 AD
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